課程內(nèi)容

《Language in use.》
Read the following sentences.
There is a policeman at the door.
There is a box in the room.The box is heavy.
I got a letter yesterday.The letter was from
may sister.
I met an old man at the gate.
This is the most interesting book I have ever
read.
He comes from the United States of America.
            Articles冠
冠詞是放在所說明的名詞之前的詞，說明名詞所指的人或事物，
是虛詞。
冠詞分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種，不定冠詞是a和an、定冠詞是
the。
一、在如下幾種情況下，常用不定冠詞。
1）泛指某一類人、事或物；相當(dāng)于any,這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。
   A horse is a useful animal.
   馬是一種有用的動物。
2）表示“一”這個數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈。如：
   I have a new watch.
   我有一塊新手表。
3)指某人或某物，但不具體說明是何人或何物。
如：
 A man is talking with your father outside the gate.
 一名男子正在大門外同你父親談話。
4)表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every. 如：
I go to school five days a week.
  我一周上五天課。
5）用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。如：
 I have three books.I want to buy a fourth one.
  我有三本書，我想買第四本。
6）用在某些固定詞組中：a lot (of)許多，大量；after a while 過一會兒
 Let me have a look at your book.
 讓我看看你的書。
二、在如下幾種情況下，常用定冠詞。
1）定冠詞the常用來特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
如：
  New York is not the capital of America.
  紐約不是美國的首都。
2）用在序數(shù)詞及形容詞的最高級之前。如：
  The third dress that he bought is the most expensive in
this store.
  他買的第三條裙子是這家商店里最貴的。
3）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示一家人。如：
  The Greens will move to Australia next year.
  格林一家明年將搬到澳大利亞。
4）用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：
  The Sun is much bigger than the Earth.
  太陽比地球大得多。
5）用在某些形容詞前，表示一類人。如:
  The rich should do something to help the poor.
  富人應(yīng)當(dāng)做些事以幫助窮人。
6）用在表示方位的名詞前。如：
  Dalian is in the north of China.
  大連在中國的北部。
7）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:
  Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?
  你去過頤和園嗎？
8）用于某些固定詞組中。如：
  By the way,how is your sister?
  順便問一下，你姐姐好嗎？
9）用于指代上文提到的人或事物。如：
  I found a book on the floor.I think the book is Tom's.
  我在地上發(fā)現(xiàn)一本書，我想這本書是湯姆的。
10)用于表示樂器的名詞前。如:
  My brother doesn't like playing the piano.
  我哥哥不喜歡彈鋼琴。
    零冠詞
 零冠詞是指名詞前面沒有不定冠詞、定冠詞，也沒有其他限定詞的現(xiàn)象。
 在如下幾種情況下，常用零冠詞：
1）在表示類別的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。
如：
It is necessary to drink water after you do exercise.
運動后喝水是必要的。
My father and mother are both doctors.
我的爸爸和媽媽都是醫(yī)生。
2）名詞前已有物主代詞或指示代詞時，一般不冠詞。如：
This is my cat whose name is Mimi.
這是我的貓，它的名字叫咪咪。
3）非普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。如：
Tian'anmen Square is in the centre of Beijing.
天安門廣場在北京市中心。
4)表示一日三餐、球類和棋類前一般不加冠詞。如：
We had supper after playing football yesterday.
昨天我們踢足球后吃的晚飯。
5）在稱呼或表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前一般不加冠詞。如：
This is Professor Liu,our English teacher.
這位是劉教授，我們的英語老師。
6）在學(xué)科名稱前。如：
English is an important subject.
英語是一門重要的學(xué)科。
7）在某些固定詞組中。如：
I go to work by bus every day.
我每天乘公交車上班。

   Practice
Write the words with a,an,no article(/)or in plural form.
1.There's no air or water on the moon.
2.The Yellow River is the second longest river in / China.
3.My mother bought me a very nice bike.I like the bike very much.
4.Xiao Ming likes playing / basketball,but he doesn't like playing
the piano.
5.The students don't have classes in the afternoon on / Saturday.
6.I often watch TV in the evening.
7.Let's go out for a walk.
8.What would you like for lunch,/ coffee or / milk?
9.You dropped a“u”and an “s”in this word.
10.There is a pen on the desk.The pen is mine.
11.I like playing × basketball,but I don't like playing
the piano.
12.He drove the car at the speed of eighty kilometers an hour.
13.I think English is a useful subject.
   Do you think so?
14.He had an apple and a glass of milk for × supper.
15.--Who is the boy?
   --He is my × best friend.
16.Does Bob come from the USA or × Australia?
17.Linda works in a hospital.Her sister works in
the same hospital.
18.How do you go to work,by × bus or on × foot?
Mina is an eighteen-year-old girl.She's got a brother
and a sister.Mina is the oldest child in the family.
She lives in a very big city.The population is more than
10 million.She has a job in a hotel.She hopes that one day
she will have a chance to go to / college.
1 Work in pairs.Match the countries with their populations.

2 Listen and check your answers.
3 Read the chart and answer the questions.
1.Which city had the largest popullation in 2000?
  Tokyo
2.Which city's popullation will increase the most from 2000
to 2025?
  Mumbai
3.Which city will have a larger increase in its population,
New York or Mexico City?
  Mexico City
4.Which city/cities do you think will have the biggest popullation
problem?Why?
  Tokyo,because they have many environmental problems
4 Complete the passage with a,an or the where necessary.
Mina is(1)an eighteen-year-old girl.She has got(2)a brother
and (3)a sister.Mina is(4)the oldest child in(5)the family.
She lives in(6)a very big city.She has(7)a job in(8)a hotel.
She hopes that one day she will have(9)the chance to go to
(10)/college.
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words
in the box.
    few good  much small
1.We believe the schools in Arnwick are very good,and we're
working to make them even better.
2.Their flat is too large for two people.They want to find
a smaller one.
3.Anna always talks about her ideas.I think she needs to
listen more.
4.There are a lot of parks in this city.I think there are
fewer parks in a lot of other cities.

6 Complete the diagram showing population problems.Use the
words in the box to help you.
air city countryside hospital
increase public service traffic water

 Problems of Arnwick
People move from countryside
People arrive in city
Problem:Population increases
Environmental problems:air,water
Health problems:hospital
Problems for the government:public services,a lot of traffic
 
7 Complete the passage with the words in the box.
  countryside pollution population space traffic
  Our word is facing many problems.Two of the biggest are the
increasing population and pollution.
  The(1)population of the world is increasing quickly.Why is
this happening?Because more babies are born every year and people
also live longer.Many people are leaving the(2)countryside to work
in the cities,but there is not enough(3)space for so many people.
  Another huge problem for the world is(4)pollution.There's so much
(5)traffic on the roa that in some cities the air is heavily polluted.
We must work harder to protect our world.
9 Listen and choose the best summary
a)It's cheaper to share a car than to have a personal car.
b)People in a car club do not often take buses,trains or the
underground.
c)There are no car clubs in the US.
d)Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.

10 Listen again and choose the correct answer.
1.Joining a car club is cheaper/more.
2.People in car clubs pay for/do not pay for a car when
they drive.
3.People in car clubs sometimes/never talk a bus or ride a
bike.
4.People in car clubs probably are/are not healthier.
  Work in pairs and discuss this question.
Do you think car clubs would be popular in China?
Why/Why not?

Around the world
  world population and water
  With more and more people in the world,more and more
water is used.In fact,water use is growing more than
twice as fast as the world's popullation!As a result,
getting good,clean water is becoming a problem in many
places.A lot of water is polluted and in many areas people
have to walk a long way to get clean water fordaily use.
More than 3.4 million people die each from drinking and
washing with polluted water.So let's do everything we can
to stop the pollution and save water.
 Read and answer.
 What a problem are there in many places with water？
  Getting good,clean water is becoming a problem in
many places.
  True(T)or false(F)according to Population and water。
(T)1.Clean water is becoming a problem in many places.
(F)2.Water use is growing as fast as the world's population.
(T)3.Many areas people have to walk a long way to get clean
water.
(F)4.More than 3.4 billion people die from drinking and washing
with dirty water each year.
(T)5.In fact,world population and pollution are problems that cause
the shortage of good clean water.
  Module task
Making a graph
Work in groups.Choose a topic for your graph.
Choose a country or town which interests you.It could be your home town.
Decide the time you want to look at-for example,now,10 years ago and 10
years from now.
Research the population of your place in those years.Write your notes carefully.
13.Make your graph.
Decide how you want to make your graph.
Draw it and colour it.You can also make it on the computer.
Label it clearly.
 Exercises
(B)1.Cindy is __amazing singer.
She has lots of fans.(2010.河北省)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
(B)2.-Why do you like Mary?
-Because she is__honest girl.(2010湖南省婁底)
A.a B.an C.the
(A)3.Jenny is__American.She works in__company
in China now.(2010四川省內(nèi)江)
A.an;a B.an;the C.a;an
(B)4.-What would you like for__breakfast,Mr.Green?
-Two pieces of bread and__cup of tea,please.(2010四川省自貢)
A.a;the B./;a C./;the
(A)5.Avatar(阿凡達）is such__wonderful science fiction movie that
I want to see it__second time.(2010山東省濰坊)
A.a,a B.a,the C./,the D./,a
(A)6.There is__local shop for people to buy daily things in the
small village.(2010江蘇省南京)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
(C)7.Many people think that 2012 is one of__most successful films.
(2010浙江省衢州)
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
(A)8.If you go by train,you can have quite__comfortable journey,but make
sure you take__fast one.(2010江蘇省無錫)
A.a;a B.the;a C.the;the D.不填;a
(B)9.This is__story-book.It was written by Yang Hongying.
(2011湖南株洲)
A.the B.a C.an
(A)10.-Be careful!There is__dog lying on the ground.
-Thanks a lot.(2012貴州銅仁)
A.a B.an C.the D./
(B)11.Bill likes playing__basketball,but he doesn't like playing__
piano.(2012甘肅雞西市)
A.the,the B./,the C.the,/
(D)12.__Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.(2012廣東)
A./B.A C.An D.The
(B)13.__new bridge has been built over__Changjiang River in
Huanghi.(2012湖北黃石)
A.The;a B.A;the C.A;\ D.An;the
(B)14.There is__old bridge near my house.(2012湖南永州)
A.a B.an C.the
(C)15.Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play__guitar at the age of
seven.(2013長沙)
A.a B.不填 C.the
(C)16.A:I enjoyed the performance very much.
      B:Yes,it was really good.I think__boy in white was the best actor.
(2013廣州)
A.a B.an C.the D./

 Homework
Write a paragraph to describe your city.