課程內(nèi)容

Unit 8《Natural disasters》（3）
Grammar: when, while, as的用法
when, while, as都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“在……的時(shí)候”、“在……期間”。
His parents died while he was at school.
I loved maths when I was at school.
我在學(xué)校時(shí)喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。
Call me when you've finished.
你完成后打電話給我。
As she grew older, she kept more to herself.
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，她變得更沉默了。
I was coming in as he was going out.
我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，他正出去。
when，while，as都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，但用法區(qū)別非常大。
一、when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用；而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。
①Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already?（get為短暫性動(dòng)詞）你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？
②Sorry, I was out when you called me.（call為短暫性動(dòng)詞）對(duì)不起，你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.（is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)）趁熱打鐵。
④The students took notes as they listened.（listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。
二、when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while和as從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過程中。
1、從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生，只用when。
①When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.（finish先發(fā)生）當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。
②When I got to the airport, the guests had left.（got to后發(fā)生）當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。
2、從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as都可使用。
①When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.（dance為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，以為陌生人走了進(jìn)來。
②When/While/As she was making a phonecall, I was writing a letter.（make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫信。
3、兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的，或者都為主要?jiǎng)幼髑彝瑫r(shí)進(jìn)行，常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill.
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報(bào)。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的）
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）
4、如果主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作過程中發(fā)生，常用“一般過去式+while+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）”。
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes.
我們游泳的時(shí)候，有人偷了我們的衣服。
It began to rain heavily while we were having dinner.
我們?cè)诔酝盹垥r(shí)，開始下起大雨。
5、強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生，常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（主句用進(jìn)行時(shí)）+when+-般過去式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
I was walking in the street when he called me.
我正在街上走時(shí)，他突然喊我。
6、當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念淡化，而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)，只能用as。這時(shí)，as常表示“隨著……”；“一邊……，一邊……”之意。
①As the time went on, the weather got worse.（as表示“隨著……”之意）②The atmosphere get thinner and thinner as the height increases. 隨著高度的增加，大氣越來越稀薄。
③As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 隨著時(shí)間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。
④The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫。
when，as，while總結(jié)
1、When可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可指時(shí)間段，從句中可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
2、While總是指一個(gè)時(shí)間段，從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
3、as多用于平行結(jié)構(gòu)。表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生：一個(gè)主語同時(shí)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)動(dòng)作：一種狀態(tài)隨另一種狀態(tài)的變化而變化。
4、表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的較長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作過程中，when，while，as均可使用。從句中為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用when和while。談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作可用while；談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)平行動(dòng)作或兩種狀態(tài)變化多用as。
Fill in the blank with "when, while, as"
1. ______ you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary.
2. The students took notes ______ they listened.
3. ______ the wind rose the noise increased.
4. She called ______ I was out.
5. We must strike ______ the iron is hot.
6. ______ you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
7. I was just reading a book ______ she came into my room.
A car crashed into another car.
Can you tell us some other accidents?
What will you do if you see or meet an accident?
Fill in the blanks with 110 120 119 114 122
1. A: "Look out, there is a fire!"
   B: "Don't worry about it. Let's call ______ hotline.
2. A: "That boy fell from a tree and hurt badly."
   B: "Don't move him. Let's call ______ hotline.
3. If crimes such as stealing, robbery, fighting or killing happen, we will call ______ hotline.
4. A: "I want to order a big room for the family dinner tonight, but I don't know the restaurant's number."
   B: "You can call ______ hotline to ask it."
5. If traffic accidents happen, you will call ______.
Complete the dialogue:
Annie: What did you learn from yesterday's talk, Simon?
Simon: We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and (1)______.
Annie: Really? What should we do if our building is on fire?
Simon: We should try to (2)______ as soon as possible.
Annie: How can we protect ourselves from thick smoke?
Simon: We should use a (3)______ to cover our mouth and nose and never enter the building.
Annie: Well, what should we do when there's a flood?
Simon: We should get to (4)______. Remember that we shouldn't (5)______ through the flood water.
Annie: I see. What should we do when an earthquake happens?
Simon: Hide under a (6)______ desk or table. Stay away from a (7)______.
Annie: What shoutd we do to protect ourselves from traffic accidents?
Simon: We should always follow (8)______. Moreover, it's dangerous to sit, walk or ride a bicycle on (10)______.
Speak up: What should we do first?
Millie and Daniel are talking about first aid.
Millie: I burnt my hand when I was making pancakes at home. Do you know what to do first when we burn ourselves?
Daniel: Sure. First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
Millie: I see. What should I do after that?
Daniel: Cover the burn with a clean towel.
Millie: Should I put any cream on it?
Daniel: No, you shouldn't. You should go and see the doctor.
Millie: All right. Thanks.
Study skills -- Compound words
合成詞：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)詞
合成名詞
合成副詞
合成形容詞
合成代詞
一、合成名詞
1、名詞+名詞=名詞
air + port = airport 機(jī)場(chǎng)
basket + ball = basketball 籃球
class + room = classroom 教室
silk + worm = silkworm蠶
2、形容詞+名詞=名詞
black + board = blackboard 黑板
brief + case = briefcase 公文包
green + house = green-house 溫室
short + hand = shorthand 縮寫、速寫
3、動(dòng)詞+名詞=名詞
play + ground = playground 操場(chǎng)
spring + board = springboard 跳板、出發(fā)點(diǎn)
pick + pocket = pickpocket 扒手、小偷
break + water = break-water 防洪堤
4、名詞+動(dòng)詞=名詞
sun + shine = sunshine 陽光
sun + set = sunset 日落 → sunrise 日出
5、動(dòng)名詞+名詞=名詞
reading-room 閱覽室
waiting-room 等候室
living-room 起居室、客廳
sleeping-pills 安眠藥
6、名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞=名詞
hand + writing = handwriting 筆跡、書寫體、書法  ~ on the wall 不詳之兆
sight + seeing = sightseeing 觀光、游覽
7、動(dòng)詞+副詞=名詞
look + out = lookout 瞭望臺(tái)、瞭望元
set + up = setup 裝備
get-together 聚會(huì)
walk + out = walkout 罷工、中途離開
8、副詞+名詞=名詞
back + ground = background 背景、經(jīng)歷
down + town = downtown 市中心
           → uptown 住宅區(qū)
二、合成副詞
1、副詞+副詞
furthermore 而且、此外；however 然而、無論如何
2、代詞+副詞
somehow 以某種方式；anywhere 在任何地方
3、副詞+名詞
overhead 在頭頂/空中/高處；downstairs 在樓下
4、形容詞+名詞
anyway 不管怎樣，無論如何；meanwhile 同時(shí)，其間
三、合成形容詞
1、形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
good-looking 好看的，漂亮的；slow-moving 低速的；easy-going 隨和的
2、名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
man-eating 食人的；peace-loving 愛好和平的
3、副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
forthcoming 即將到來的；outstanding 優(yōu)秀的，突出的
4、名詞+過去分詞
air-conditioned 有空調(diào)裝置的：man-made 人造的，人為的
5、形容詞+過去分詞
grey-haired 白發(fā)蒼蒼的；middle-aged 中年的
6、形容詞+名詞
first-rate 一流的；second-hand 二手的，用過的；
bare-foot 光腳的；high-class 高級(jí)的
7、副詞+副詞
faraway 遠(yuǎn)方的
四、合成代詞
1、人稱代詞賓格的第二人稱+self/selves
himself，herself，itself，themselves
物主代詞的一、二人稱+self/selves
e.g. myself 我自己，yourself 你自己，ourselves 我們自己
Help yourself. 別客氣，請(qǐng)隨便用。
Enjoy yourself! 玩得開心！
by myself 單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自 → I would rather travel ~.
2、不定代詞
some, any, no, every + body/one/thing
e.g. someone 某人；anything 任何事情
     nobody 沒有人；everybody 每人、人人
Main task
Look at the pictures about Beijing snowstorm and say something about it.
A snowstorm hit Beijing on Friday, 5th January.
This is Sandy. She experienced(經(jīng)歷) the snowstorm.
Sandy was doing homework and Mr Wu told her to go home early.
What did Sandy do?
Sandy shared an umbrella with Millie. Because she forgot to bring her keys.
How was the snowstorm?
The snowstorm was terrible.
They could only hear the wind, snow continued to fall.
They lost their umbrella in the wind and Sandy nearly fell over.
What did they see?
They saw many people at the bus stop.
What did Sandy hear?
The next morning, Sandy heard the noise of the traffic, and she looked out of the window.
What were people doing after the snowstorm?
After the snowstorm, people were working hard to clear the snow.
Let's try our best to say something about it!
         Snowstorm hit Beijing
A snowstorm hit Beijing on Friday, (1)_______.
It got worst in the afternoon. I (2)____________ in the classroom when Mr Wu came in and told us (3)__________ early. My parents could not get home that night because of the heavy snow, so Millie asked me to go to her home.
I (4)__________ an umbrella with her while we were walking to the bus stop. The weather was really terrible. The (6)______ kept falling around us. We could only hear the (5)______ blowing.
Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind. I lost my (7)______ in the wind
and I nearly fell over. We had to (8)______ slowly in the deep storm. When we arrived the bus stop, we saw many people (9)______ there. At last, we got on a bus went to Millie's home.
I stayed at Millie's home that night. I heard the noise of (10)______ the next morning. People were trying to (11)______ the snow from the streets.
Let's know the structure!
introduction → When and where was the disaster?
during the disaster → Where was I?
                       What did I do?
                       What happened to me?
                       What did I hear?
                       What did I see?
after the disaster → Where was I?
                      What did I hear?
                      What did I see?
                      How did I feel?