課程內(nèi)容
高中英語《認(rèn)識祖先 Unit 5　Meeting your ancestors（Part 2）》（選修8）
Phrases
嘗試，猜測     try a tentative guess
領(lǐng)...到處看    show sb around
意識到...      be aware that
不管，不顧      regardless of
把...嚇走       scare sth/sb away
使...一直....   keep...doing
切碎            cut up
關(guān)心，在意       care about
在途中          on one's journey (to sp)
Language points
1.You must be aware that it's here that we've found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
想必你們知道，正是在這兒我們找到了居住在世界這個(gè)部分最早人類的證據(jù)。
1)You must be aware that..  主句后接由強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句組成的賓語從句。
must 是作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示肯定推測，譯作“一定，肯定“，只用于肯定推測。對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)推測，用"must do".
You must be hungry after a long walk.
走了很長的路，你一定很餓。
對正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測，用”must be doing".
The light is on.He must be doing his homework now.燈亮著，他一定正在做作業(yè)。
對過去的事進(jìn)行推測，用“must have done".
The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.
地是濕的，昨晚一定下雨了。
此時(shí)，應(yīng)注意反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。如果句中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，反意疑問句用"didn't+主語”：如果句中無表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，反意疑問句用“haven't/hasn't+主語”。
He must have arrived here last night,didn't he?
他一定昨晚就來這兒了，不是嗎？
He must have arrived here,hasn't he?
他一定來這兒了，不是嗎？
2）aware  adj.意識到的，知道的  通常用作表語
We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered.
我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識到許多動(dòng)物正頻臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。
be aware of sth. 知道；意識到
Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking,they won't give up.
3)it's here that we're...   是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其基本句式是It is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分，此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語、賓語和狀語。
It was your mother whom I met in the street.
我在街上碰到的是你的母親。
It was in the street that I met your mother.
我是在街上碰到你母親的。
It was she who had been wrong.錯(cuò)的是她。
It is what you do rather than what you say (A)matters.
A That   B what  C which  D this
本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語，此時(shí)應(yīng)用that 來引導(dǎo)。
4）"Who lived in this part of the world"是定語從句修飾先行詞people.
people在定語從句作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2.I'sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
很抱歉打擾你，我想問問他們是怎么在這里生活的？
1)句型“I'm sorry...but..."是口語中委婉的表達(dá)，"but"表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。
-Are you free this weekend?
-I'm sorry,but I have lots of work to do.
-周末有空嗎？
-對不起，我有大量的事要做。
2）interrupt  vt.&vi.
①打斷；中斷
別打擾他，他還沒完成呢？
Don't interrupt him,for he hasn't finished yet.
他的學(xué)習(xí)由于戰(zhàn)爭而中斷。
His studies were interrupted by the war.
②打岔；插嘴
It is rude to interrupt.
"Don't interrupt."he said.
區(qū)別：interrupt和disturb
interrupt v.打擾，打斷，阻礙。常有“使...停止（中斷）”的意思。
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.
disturb  v.打擾，妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態(tài)或?qū)е吕щy產(chǎn)生。
Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.
根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子
(1)The trade between the two contries (was interrupted)(被中斷）by the war.
(2)The house is so tall that it （interrupts）(擋?。﹐ur view of Mount Tai.
(3)Don't (interrupt)(插嘴）When others are talking.
(4)She opened the door quietly so as not to (disturb)（打擾)the sleeping boy.
Sorry to (B)you,but your mother is waiting outside.
A break   B interrupt   C stop  D disturb
【解析】B  考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。disturb 表示“擾亂、妨礙安靜、平靜或正常的秩序”。而interrupt則強(qiáng)調(diào)“使工作、談話等中斷”。stop 表示“停止、阻止”：break 表示“打破、中止”。根據(jù)句意可推知B 項(xiàng)正確。
3.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments.
我們在山的比較高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動(dòng)物和人類的骨頭以及工具和裝飾品。
as well as 1)conj. as well as 可以用來連接兩個(gè)相同的成分，如：名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞，通常不位于句首。意為“不但...而且”。
She sings as well as playing the piano.
Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.
2)prep.相當(dāng)于besides,in addition to,意為“除....之外”，后面通常接名詞。
As well as eating five course meals,they drank two bottles of wine.
4.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.
因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在這些洞穴里。
1)regardless of
不管，不顧
He climbed the building,regardless of the danger.
不管有多危險(xiǎn)，他還是爬上了大廈。
in spite of
We will persevere regardless of past failures.
盡管以前我們失敗過，但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。
2）assume  vt.
①假定；設(shè)想  科學(xué)家們設(shè)想月球上沒有動(dòng)物。
The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon.
②裝作  她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。
She assumed a look of surprise.
③擔(dān)任，承擔(dān)  我來承擔(dān)責(zé)任
I assumed the responsibility.
Assume  后多跟名詞，賓語+to be+n./adj.that 從句
Assuming 放在句首，表一種猜測。
e.g  Assuming it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?
假如明天下雨，我們該做什么呢？
擴(kuò)展：assumption  n.
make an assumption
根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子
(1)We must （assume him to be right/that he is right）(假設(shè)他是對的）until he is proved wrong.
(2)The theory (is based on a series of wrong assumptions.)(是以一系列錯(cuò)誤的設(shè)想為依據(jù)的）.
(A)I think we can safely ( )that interest rates will go up again soon.
A assume   B accomplish   C attain  D assemble
【解析】A  考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。assume 意為“完成（工作或任務(wù)），達(dá)到（某個(gè)程度）”：attain 意為“達(dá)到，獲得”：assemble 意為“集合，裝配”。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。
5.That would have kept them warm,cooked the food and scared wild animals away as well.
他們用這火取暖、做飯，還能用火嚇跑野獸。
1)would 表示猜測，譯為“想必....”、“肯定會....”
如果汽車當(dāng)時(shí)反倒懸崖下，他們早就喪命了。
They would have been killed if the car has gone over the cliff.
2)keep them warm 為keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使.....處于某種狀態(tài)（情況）”。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞以及介詞短語。
He kept me waiting for half an hour.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
6.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這說明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。
1)have been excavating   現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思是一直外挖，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)。
I have been looking for my lost book for three days,but I still haven't found it.
我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書，但仍沒找到。
She has been sweeping the street all day.
She is too tired.
她一整天都在掃大街，她太累了。
We have been waiting for you for two hours.
We don't want to wait any longer.
我們已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了，不想再等了。
2）句中“which”用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為其前的句子。
3)suggest vt.to make evident indirectly;imply 意為“暗示，意味，表明”
Her pale face sggests that she was ill.
她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。
The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady.
從書信的字體上看，寫信人是一位女性。
A silence suggested disapproval.
沉默暗示著反對。
His face suggests he is happy now.
從他臉上能看出他現(xiàn)在很幸福。
His bad manners suggest a lcak of family education.
他的無禮反應(yīng)了他缺乏家教。
但當(dāng)suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，其用法為：
suggest +doing
I suggest her going home at once.
我建議她馬上回家。
suggest+(that)...should do...
I suggest (that)she (should)go home at once.
我建議她要馬上回家。
-How do you (D)we go to Beijing for our holidays?
-I think we'd better fly there.It's much more comfortable.
A insist   B want  C suppose  D suggest
4)might have done
A:Where was your sister?I didn't see her at the party.
B:She might have gone swimming with some friends.
A:你姐姐上哪兒去了？聚會時(shí)我沒見到她。
B：她可能跟朋友游泳去了。
7.sharpen   vt.使鋒利，尖銳；使強(qiáng)烈
The knife needs sharpening.
The tone of his letters has sharpened recently.
sharp  adj.鋒利的，尖銳的，急轉(zhuǎn)的，陡峭；突然的，急劇
a sharp turn   急轉(zhuǎn)彎
a sharp increase   急劇增加
Homework
1.Review the language points
2.Preparations:Preview Using language.