課程內(nèi)容

《The Olympic Games》
Learning goals:
1.to review the language and structures in this unit
2.to do some practice as consolidation
Introduction
為了更好的復(fù)習(xí)本單元的內(nèi)容，本節(jié)課將從“課文回顧”和“語(yǔ)法練習(xí)”兩個(gè)方面展開(kāi)，從而達(dá)到鞏固提高的效果。
About the story of reading:
There is a dialogue between Li Yan and Pausanias,who was a Greek write about 2,000 years ago.Our goal is to understand their dialogue and summarize the differences between the ancient and modern Olympic Games.
Differences between the ancient and modern Olympic Game:
Ancient Olympic Games
1.only free citizens of one country could take part
2.slaves and women could not take part
3.Always in the same place
4.Only once every four year
Modern Olympic Game
1.competitors from many countries
2.all adults can take part if they reach the required standard for their event
3.Hosted by different countries
4.Summer and Winter Games:Special and Paralympics
Paraphrase some sentences:
Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
只有達(dá)到他們各自項(xiàng)目統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員才會(huì)被接受奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
reach:達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)
a conclusion/decision/agreement
Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,reaching a record of $57 a barrel
stand for 代表，象征
The American flag stands for freedom and justice.
[觀察】閱讀下列句子，觀察admit在句中的用法。
1.I must admit to being ashamed for what hads happened.
vt.承認(rèn)，后加(to) doing sth.名詞、代詞或從句
2.I am sure that he will be admitted to University this summer.
3.You won't be admitted to the theatre after the play has started.
4.The theatre admits 1,000 people.
接收，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入，容納
5.The law admits of no exceptions.
admit of 容許；有...余地，只用“事”或“物”作主語(yǔ)
Our Greek cities used to compete against each other for the honor of winning.我們希臘各個(gè)城市之間曾經(jīng)為了贏得榮譽(yù)而彼此爭(zhēng)斗。
1.used to do sth. 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事（to 是不定式符號(hào)）
He used to smoke.
be used to doing sth；表示習(xí)慣于做某事（to 是介詞）
We are used to getting up early.
2.compete with/against   與..競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
compete for  為...而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
competitor  n.比賽者
competition   n.比賽
competitive   adj.
根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的提示將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。
1.這學(xué)期我們將有一們古代史課程。（ancient)
We will have a course in ancient history this term.
2.二十位姑娘參加了賽跑。（compete)
Twenty girls competed in the race.
3.這是他們首次參加亞洲杯，但是他們首場(chǎng)比賽的表現(xiàn)令人失望。（take part in)
This is the first time that they have taken part in Asia Cup,but what they did in the first match is disappointing.
4.她在上屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)女子馬拉松（marathon)賽跑中贏得金牌。（medal)
She won the gold medal in the women's marathon at last Olympic Games.
5.字母X代表未知數(shù)。（stand for)
The letter"X" stands for and unknown number.
6.當(dāng)時(shí)，破爛婦女是不允許進(jìn)大學(xué)的，因此，瑪麗決定去巴黎學(xué)習(xí)。（admit)
At that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland,so Mary decided to go to Parirs to study.
7.在2012年時(shí)，倫敦將成為第一個(gè)三次承辦現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的城市。（host)
London will become the first city to host the modern Olympic Games three times in 2012.
8.魯迅不僅是一位偉大的作家，而且是一位偉大的思想家。（not only...but also..)
Lu Xun is not only a great writer but also a great thinker.
語(yǔ)法：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般由“be的一定形式+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。be 在人稱和數(shù)上必須同主語(yǔ)一致。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞不變。
那些可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
1.及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因?yàn)榧拔飫?dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，句子就變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Someone broke the window.→ The window was broken.
2.不及物動(dòng)詞若與介詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)可接賓語(yǔ)，句子也就有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
They have broken into house.→ His house has been broken into.
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由于不是謂語(yǔ)，不能改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但可以有被動(dòng)形式：to be done ;  being done
一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法：
1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“shall (will)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意下面句型由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法。
（1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)，例如：
主動(dòng)：We'll build a new house next year.
(2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（習(xí)慣上把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸?/font>動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)）
主動(dòng)：My mother will give me a shirt.
被動(dòng)：I will be given a shirt(by my mother).
如果把直接賓語(yǔ)改成主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to 或for
主動(dòng)：My mother will give me a shirt.
被動(dòng)：A new shirt will be given to me(by my mother).
(3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。如果是含有符合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，將其中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)不變。例如：
主動(dòng)：We'll ask him to help you tomorrow.
被動(dòng)：He will be asked to help you (by us).
表示將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall+do
be+going +to do be+doing
be +to do be +about+to do
do → be done
1.We'll build a new house next year
A new house will be built (by us)next year.
2.My mother will give me a present.
I will be given a present (by my mother).
A present will be given to me (by my mother).
3.The mother is going to tell the baby a story
The baby is going to be told a story (by the mother).
A story is going to be told to the baby(by the mother).
4.Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.
We are about to be sung a song (by Kelly) at the party.
A song is about to be sung for us (by Kelly)at the party.
5.The police is going to have the thief stay in prison.
The thief is going to be had to stay in prison(by the police).
Summary
通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課，我們回顧了第二單元的課文大意，復(fù)習(xí)了其中重點(diǎn)的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)，并對(duì)“將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”這個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和練習(xí)，從而加深了對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)，希望能達(dá)到鞏固提高的效果。
Homework
Review the language points and Grammar in this unit.