課程內(nèi)容
高中英語(yǔ)《機(jī)器人 Unit 2 Robots(Part 3)》（選修7）
不定式的基本形式
一般式
主動(dòng)：to do      被動(dòng)：to be done
進(jìn)行式
主動(dòng)：to be doing
完成式
主動(dòng)：to have done    被動(dòng)：to have been done
完成進(jìn)行式
主動(dòng)：to have been done
當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，一般要用不定式的被動(dòng)式，不定式的被動(dòng)式可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)、作表語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ)、作狀語(yǔ)。
不定式的被動(dòng)式在句中作什么成分？
1.It's an honour to be invited to the ceremony.
作主語(yǔ)
2.She didn't like to be treated as a child.作賓語(yǔ)
3.His dream was to be admitted to a good university.作表語(yǔ)
4.There are a lot of things to be discussed.作定語(yǔ)
5.She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.作狀語(yǔ)
注意：
1）感官動(dòng)詞和一些使役動(dòng)詞的不定式的主動(dòng)形式要省去to,但在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后需要加上to.能這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：make,have,let,see,hear,notice,listen to,watch等。如：
We often see him act like that.
=He is often see to act like that.
我們常?？吹剿@樣做。
2）在can't help but,have nothing to do but結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞but后的不定式省去to.如：
I can't help (but)suspect his motive.
我不禁懷疑起他的動(dòng)機(jī)。
3）在動(dòng)詞want,hope,manage,offer,promise,pretend,agree,expect等之后，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)；另外在動(dòng)詞tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,forget等后，常用一個(gè)帶連接代詞/副詞的不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：We must decide whether to go or stay.
我們得決定去還是留。
不定式有時(shí)要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
1.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯賓語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，只能用主動(dòng)形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則用不定的被動(dòng)形式。如：
Do you have anything to wash today?(to wash的主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)you,其邏輯賓語(yǔ)為anything)
你今天要洗什么嗎？
Do you have anything to be washed?(to be washed不是you做，二十由“我”或其他人來(lái)做）
你有什么要其他人洗的嗎？
2.在There be/seem...+主語(yǔ)+to do表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義（也就是說(shuō)，我們可能會(huì)見(jiàn)到被動(dòng)形式，但主動(dòng)形式要好得多）。
There's not enough food to eat.(The food is eaten.)
沒(méi)有足夠的食物吃。
There's no chair to sit on.(The chair is sat on.)
沒(méi)有椅子做。
但在下列句子中，只能用主動(dòng)形式。如：
There's not enough food for us to eat.
我們沒(méi)有足夠的食物吃。
3.在形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其中形容詞常見(jiàn)的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如：
The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished..)
工作不可能兩天之內(nèi)完成。
English is not so easy to learn.(English is learnt.)英語(yǔ)并不好學(xué)。
4.在一些固定用法，如“挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評(píng)”用be to blame;“（東西等）出租”用to let.如：
He is to blame for what he was done.
他應(yīng)為他所做的受責(zé)備。
The house is to let.
房子要出租。
5.假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)詞，在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)）之前發(fā)生，該不定式要用完成式。如：
I'm glad to have seen your mother.
=I'm glad that I have seen your mother.
很高興見(jiàn)過(guò)你母親。
解讀動(dòng)詞不定式
1.誤：We don't allow to smoke in the lecture hall.
正：We don't allow smoking in the lecture hall.
正：We don't allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.
解析：在allow后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；當(dāng)allow后有賓主時(shí)，則用不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，即allow sb to do sth.
2.誤：She was the first person thinking of the idea.
正：She was the first person to think of the idea.
解析：當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞所修飾的名詞帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)，此定語(yǔ)通常由不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)。
3.誤：We need some paper to write.
正：We need some paper to write on.
解析：作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須跟相應(yīng)的介詞，但如果不定式所修飾的名詞是time,place或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如：
He had no money and no place to live (in).
他沒(méi)有錢(qián)，也沒(méi)有住的地方。
4.誤：The question being discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.
正：The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.
解析：being discussed表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而根據(jù)at tomorrow's meeting可動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)，故用to be discussed表示。
5.誤：This boy was seen come late this morning.
正：This boy was seen to come late this morning.
解析：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后的不定式需要帶to.
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported (C) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A breaking    B having broken     C to have broken    D to break
解析：C
本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由sb. be reported to do sth.句型，先排除A，B。因?yàn)閎reak這個(gè)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在report之前，所以應(yīng)用不定式的完成式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。該句相當(dāng)于It was reported that Liu Xiang had broken the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race.
2.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good(B).
A to be breathed     B to breathe     C breathing     D being breathed
解析：B
本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在形容詞good,easy,difficult,important,impossible 等之后一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。該句可轉(zhuǎn)化為It is so good to breathe the morning air.
3.(D)the project as planned,we'll have to work two more hours a day.
A Completing      B Complete      C Completed   D To complete
解析：D
本題考察不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意為：為了按計(jì)劃完成工程，我們必須每天多干兩個(gè)小時(shí)的活。to complete the project as planned作目的狀語(yǔ)。
練一練
1.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。
1.He wanted the letter (to be typed)(type) at once.
2.It is the first such project (to be designed)(design)by Chinese engineers.
3.They knew him (to have been arrested)(arrest)by the police.
4.He'll show you the right path (to take)(take).
5.He said he was (to be sent)(send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.
6.She didn't want her son (to be taken)(take) away.
7.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears (to have been told)(tell) everything.
8.She is busy preoaring for the exams (to be held)(hold) next month.
9.He hurried to the station only (to be told)(tell)that the train had left.
Ⅱ.Choose the right answer
1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains (B)whether thet will enjoy it.
A to see   B to be seen    C seeing    D seen
2.I hurried to the meeting hall,only (B) that the meeting had been put off.
A to tell    B to be told    C telling    D told
3.Do let your mother know all the truth,she appears(D) everything.
A to tell
B to be told
C to be telling
D to have been told
4.Little Tom should love(A) to the theater this evening.
A to be taken     B to take    C being taken   D taking
5.It is said that plastics can be used to (A) many things.Now people are used to ( )plastics products.
A make;using
B making ;using
C making;use
D make;use
6.With a lot of problems(C),the newly-elected president is having a hiard time.
A settled   B settling    C to settle  D being settled
7.He (D) and was made to repeat it.
A didn't understand
B didn't be understood
C wasn't understand
D wasn't understood
8.The pupils here(D) all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
A kept busy doing
B keep on doing
C have kept busy doing
D have been kept busy doing
9.Visitor (D)not to touch the exhibits.
A  will request
B request
C are requesting
D are requested
10.In some parts of the world,tea (B)with milk and sugar.
A is serving
B is served
C serves
D served
Homework
Go over words and expressions
Go over the grammar
Do Ex3 on Page 56.