課程內(nèi)容
高中英語(yǔ)《藝術(shù) Unit 1 Art(Part 4)》（選修6）

一、語(yǔ)氣的分類
英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。
陳述語(yǔ)氣
I went to the thearte yeaterday.
Jack hasn't come back home yet.
祈使語(yǔ)氣
Let's go.
Don't touch anything on the table until the bell rings.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If I were you,I would not leave her alone.
Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.
(The Subjunctive Mood)表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，二十一種假設(shè)，愿望，懷疑或推測(cè)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句，也可用于名詞性從句等。
條件句表示主句的條件，分真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。
a 真是條件句表示條件時(shí)真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
b 虛擬條件句 表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的，采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
二、“if”虛擬條件句的概念
由"if"引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句叫作“if"虛擬條件句
I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.
其他虛擬條件句
Without your help,I could't have finished my work on time.
三、if Sentence Structure
"if"虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)
a 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
b 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
c 表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中
（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過去式（be動(dòng)詞的過去式用were)”,而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I were a boy,I would join the army.
What would you do if you won the lottery?
If I won the lottery,I would...
If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.
If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.
If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.
If it were fine now,I would go shopping.
Practice 1:Fill in the blanks
a If they were (be) here,they would take(take)your advice.
b If the world-war burst(burst) out again,what would happen(happen) to our people on earth?
c If the policeman were not(be not)in that room,it could be (be) very dangerous.
d If I were (be)in your position,I would ask(ask) for teacher's help.
2.與過去的事實(shí)相反
從句的謂語(yǔ)用had+過去分詞，構(gòu)成If I (we,you,he,they)+had+過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱）/would(第二、三人稱）/could/might have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞
If he had driven more carefully,he would not have had the car accident yesterday.
Practice 2:Fill in the blanks
a If Tom had been (be)more careful in the exam,he would have passed(pass) it already.
b If you had not (get)up earlier,you would have caught (catch)the first train.
c If I had met(meet) you yeaterday,we would have gone(go) to the concert together.
3.與將來事實(shí)相反
從句的謂語(yǔ)用If I (we,you,he,they)+過去分詞的形式或were to do或should do形式，主句謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱）/would(第二、三人稱）/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形
假如他來了，我們對(duì)他說什么呢？
If he were to come,what should we say to him?
假如他看見我，就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。
If he should see me,he would know me.
Practice 3:Fill in the blanks
a If there should be(be) no natural resource any more,we should make(make)use of nuclear power.
b What would happen(happen) if you should get up (get up)too late tomorrow?
c If Robots were to control(control) the world some day,here would be(be)no friendship.
主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。
例句中從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
條件從句：現(xiàn)在      If 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式：過去時(shí)（were)     主句的謂語(yǔ)形式   would/could/should/might+v.(原）
條件從句：過去      If 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式：過去完成時(shí)     主句的謂語(yǔ)形式   would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
條件從句：未來      If 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式：1.過去時(shí)  2.should+v.  3.were to do      主句的謂語(yǔ)形式   would/could/should/migh+v.(原）
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法
1.在動(dòng)詞wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反、或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that
1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）。
（2）表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用'had+過去分詞”
（3）表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望：從句動(dòng)詞形式為："would+動(dòng)詞原形”
注意：主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主語(yǔ)不能相同，因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語(yǔ)的態(tài)度或意愿（非動(dòng)物名詞除外）
二、在表“建議”“命令”“計(jì)劃”“要求”等含義的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)為“(should) do"形式。
例如：
I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/ that he(should)be sent to the nearsest hospital as soon as possible.
注意：當(dāng)suggest 表示“暗示”之意時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”之意時(shí)，則也不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣 辨析1
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的誤用辨析：
1.（誤）I shouldn't do that if I was you.
(正） I shouldn't do thst if I were you.
如果我是你，我不會(huì)那么做。
表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣不能用was,只能用were.
關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣 辨析2
2.(誤）If my father were here now,he will tell me what to do.
(正）If my father were here now,he would tell me what to do.
如果我父親現(xiàn)在在這兒，他會(huì)告訴我怎么做。
表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would,might 等過去時(shí)。
關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣 辨析3
3.（誤）If I knew her telephone number,I would have called her.
(正）If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.
如果我知道她的電話，我就給打了。
表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。
關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣 辨析4
4.（誤）If it had not rained yeaterday,he might come.
(正）If it had not rained yeaterday,he might have come.
如果昨天不下雨，他可能就來了。
表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might 或could+have+過去分詞。
關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣 辨析5
5.（誤）I don't think that I shall fail.But if I fail,I would try again.
(正）I don't think that I shall fail.But if I should fail,I would try again.
我認(rèn)為我不會(huì)失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會(huì)再努力。
表示與未來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞用shold 加動(dòng)詞原形。
Homework
句型練習(xí)（用If I were you 句型翻譯下下列句子）
1.我要是你的話，我就會(huì)把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。
2.如果你昨天來，你就會(huì)看見他。
3.萬(wàn)一明天下雨，我們就不到那兒去。
4.我希望我十年前就認(rèn)識(shí)他。
5.他對(duì)待我就像對(duì)待他自己的兒子一樣。