課程內(nèi)容

《Great scientists（Part 4）》
Learning goals:
1.to know the definition of The past Participle
2.to learn the directions of The Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative
過(guò)去分司屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的范疇
   非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞），即動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)
（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在名詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中、表語(yǔ)。
（2）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有副作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞）在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
（4）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，它不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制。
過(guò)去分詞的定義
過(guò)去分詞只有一咱形式?jīng)]有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)?！绑w"(一般式；進(jìn)行式；完成式）的變化；規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。
理解過(guò)去分詞概念上的兩層含義
過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義和完成含義
1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，不但表示被動(dòng)，還表示已完成了。
2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，與句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。
過(guò)去分詞的形容詞化
   所謂過(guò)去分詞形容詞化，就是說(shuō)過(guò)去分詞具有了形容的性質(zhì)，那么過(guò)去分詞就能夠在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
一，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常指已完成的動(dòng)作且與所修飾詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果是單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞，則放在所修飾詞前，若是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞智短語(yǔ)，則放在所修飾詞后。
二.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示一種狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作。
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，一般表示分詞的動(dòng)作與被修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。如：
Most of the artists mvited to the party were from South Afriea.
The computer center.opened last year is very popular among the students.
單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，通常置于被修飾的前面，而過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，則需置于被修飾詞之后。如：
The mjured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
The workers injured in the accident are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。
I found it hard to understand the English that was spoken by the native villagers
The old man who talked to us on the bus is a retired teacher (a reacher who has retired)
過(guò)去分詞和不定式的被動(dòng)式動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式都可在句中作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)意義，但時(shí)間含義上有所不同。試比較；
He didn't turn up at the meeting held yesterday afternoon（表示完成）
過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。如：
She was dressed in her finest skirt at the party that night.
The hill is covered with red flowers red flowers and green grass.
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一談：前者表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。試比較：
除了系動(dòng)詞be以外，get  seem look appear,sound feel.reman
等其它系動(dòng)詞也可接過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。如：
The hittle girl seemed frightened at the sight of the poisonous snake.
Several problems remamed unsolved when the manager came back
英語(yǔ)里有許多表示“情緒變化”的動(dòng)詞，如interest;excite;disappoint,bore;enconrage;mspire;amuse;move tire;surprise;please;stisfy;worry;pule;frghten等它們的動(dòng)詞ing 形式和過(guò)去分詞形式相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，但意義和用法卻有著很大區(qū)別；動(dòng)詞ing 形式往往表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，主語(yǔ)一般是物，常譯成‘令人.....的“；過(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的心理狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)往往是人，常譯為”感到......的”。
如:
We were disappomted at the reult of the experiment
The result of the experiment was a bit too disappointing.
We all felt encouraged at the inspiring news.
Practice:Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.(p5)
1.He got___about losing the money.
2.The painter looked so ____after working for a whole day.
3.I was ____with the film I saw last night I had expected it to be better.
4.Everybody was ______to  hear the death of the famous film star.
5.Everybody is really______about the new Olympic stadiums.
6.His wound became_______with a new virus.
Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive.
1.They were____to accept my idea.
2.I'll be ____to know how they mad the wonderful fireworks.
3.The mayor said that he was___about the _____rise of the water level in the river bed.
4.Recently_____soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.
5.Most of the newspaper seems to be_____with pop stars.
6.He was _____of going alone into the empty house.
Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the atribute or predicative(p43)
1.I found this plate on the floor.The plate was broken in pieces.
2.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man,His name is XiaoMing.
  I saw a tall ,dark and handsome man called XiaoMing.
3.I looked at that modem abstract painting.It was colored in yellows and greens.
I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.
4.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the internet .It was the one I expected.
Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question on the internet.
5.She is one of my friends.She is devoted to my interests.
6.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles.
They were marked in green ink.
On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were marked in green ink.
下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并改正。
1.The speech that we listened to yesterday afternoon was very moving
2.From the disappointing look on his face,we know that he didn't pass the exam.
3.That must have been a terified experience.
4.Some foreign press reports are quite confused.