課程內(nèi)容

《Cultural relics （Part 4）》

Definitions:

從句（Subordinate Clause）是復(fù)合句中不能獨(dú)立成句,但具有主語部分和謂語部分,由引導(dǎo)詞（Connective）引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。
1.What I came in, he was reading a book.
2.I hope that you will give me a reply soon.

定語是用來修飾、限定說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特性的。
1.形容詞作定語:
He is a sensitive (kind:selfish:considerate:reasonable)man.
2.代詞和限定詞：
Whose child is it?  Help yourself to some (more)fish.
3.數(shù)詞：
There are twenty students in our class.
4.名詞或所有格：
She is a college graduate.What's your government's attitude towards it?
5.分詞:
These are the roads leading to the school.
The pen bought by her is made in Chia.
6.不定時作定語:
I have something important to discuss with you.
7.定語從句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.

The Attributive Clause
    A clause is called an attributive clause when it is used as an attribute modifying a noun,a pronoun or a sentence.
   由一個句子作定語,修飾句子中一個名詞或代詞,有時也可以修飾整個句子或句中的部分內(nèi)容。

先行詞（被定語從句修飾的詞）
關(guān)系詞（引出定語從句的詞）
 
   關(guān)系詞分為兩大類,即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,其作用一是引出一個定語從句,二是代替其所修飾的先行詞,三是在句中充當(dāng)某個句子成分。

定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,現(xiàn)比較如下:

1.在語法中,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句是有區(qū)別的:限制性定語從句對它所修飾的先行詞（人或物）起限制,確定作用,是先行詞不可缺少的定語,如果省去,主句的意思會不完整,不明確或不合邏輯。
非限制性定語從句對它的先行詞（人,物或整個主句所表達(dá)的概念）起進(jìn)一步的說明作用,定語從句去掉,句子意思仍然完整,表達(dá)仍然很清楚。在語言形式上,非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞前通常有逗號將其與主句分開,而限制性定語從句則沒有。

Do you know the girl?
Her hair is very short in our class.
Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?

He is the student.
I broke his pencil yesterday.
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.

2.在句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面,在非限制性定語從句中,作賓語的引導(dǎo)詞不可省略。而在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。
3.在引導(dǎo)詞方面,在非限制性定語從句中不用that（指認(rèn)用who或whom,指物用which）,還可用when,where等關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。
①This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
先行詞the book在限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞which或that可以省略。
②The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.
先行詞the book在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞which不可省。

定語從句的翻譯方法:
一、前置法
二、后置法
三、翻譯成狀語從句