課程內(nèi)容

《First Aid （Part 4）》
1.定義：英語中有時為了避免重復(fù)，使語言簡練緊湊，在不引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個或多個名子成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省賂。
2.常見的省略有下列幾種情況：
  1）簡單句中的省略
  （1）主語
   (I
    (I)Hope to see you again.
    (It)Doesn't matter
    (You)Open the door,please.
2)并列復(fù)合句中某些相同成分的省略。
e.g.In our class boys like sports,while girls do not(like sports)
我們班男孩喜歡運動，而女孩不喜歡。
He often regards English as easy and (he often regards
)French as difficult
他常把英語看做是容易學(xué)的語言，而法語是難學(xué)的。
3）狀語從句中的省略
在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語相同或都是it，可以把省略從句中的主語和謂語一起省略。
e.g.Be careful when (you are)crossing the street
Unless(you are)invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
除非被邀請講話，否則在會上你應(yīng)該保持沉默。
Error,if (there are)any,should be corrected.
如果有什么錯誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。
if (it is )possible,I'll pick you up .
4)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
不定式符號to后面的內(nèi)容常常被省略，只保留不定式符號to,常用于動詞would like, would love,wish,want,hope,expect,intend,refuse以及形容詞afraid,happy,gald,willing,ready等之后。
---Will you go with me?你和我一起去嗎？
---Well,I'd like to (go with you)
好吧，我愿意（和你一起去）
----Have you ever been to the seaside?
你們?nèi)ミ^海邊嗎？
----No, we can't afford to (go to the seaside)
沒有，我們沒錢去海邊。
----Will you join in the game?
----I'd be glad to (join in the game)
注意：如果承前省略的不定式內(nèi)容有be或做助動詞的have時，不定式符號to后要保留be 或have.
----Are you a farmer?你是個農(nóng)民嗎？
----No,but I used to be (a farmer)
不是，但我過去是。
---I haven't finished to homework yet.
我的作業(yè)沒有做完。
---Well,you ought to have(finished to homework).
不過，你本應(yīng)該完成的。
5）答語中的省略
（1）有時為了避免重復(fù)，可用so或not做替代語，替代前面所說的內(nèi)容?？捎糜趧釉~think,believe,hope,suppose,expect,guess,imagine以及be afraid,of course,certainly,perhaps等后面。
---Do you believe our team will win?
---I guess so 我猜會的。
--- Do you think he will come?
他認為他會來嗎？
---I don't think so./I think not.
我認為他不會來的。
----You haven't lost the ticket,have you?
你沒弄丟票，是嗎？
----I hope not,I know it's not easy to get another one a the moment.
我希望沒有。我知道這個時候很難再弄到一張票
注意：hope,guess,I'm afraid 的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not so 的形式。
----The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?
孩子們工作干得不好，是嗎？
---I guess not。
我猜是沒干好。
6）在對話中，答句省去整個主句只用從句。
---Shall I go to play?
---If you like(you can go to play)如果你喜歡（你可以去）
---When could I start?
---(You may start)Whenever you like.
你喜歡什么時候都可以。
----What made him quset?
----Losing his bike.(made him upset)
7)that的省略
（1）在賓語從句中，連接詞that可以省略。但如果有兩個或幾個賓語從句，除第一個外，其他都不能省略。
Mr Wang said(that)the work was important and that we should try our best to do it.
王先生說這工作很重要，我們得盡心盡力。、
（2）在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that做賓語時可以省略。
 The book(that)he bought yesterday was very expensive.
8)虛擬條件句中常省略if將were,had,should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
Were I you,I would catch the good chance.
Had I foolowed your advice,I wouldn't have missed the good chance.
Should there be a flood,we would run away.
Exercisess
1._____,the chiklren should play outside in the fresh air.
A.Whenever possible BWhenever it possible
C.Whenever is possible D.Whenever they are
2.---What's joan doing?
---____newspapers in the room.
A.Is reading B.Read C.To read D.Reading
3.---Will it rain tomorrow?
----______.
A.I don't hope B I hope not
C.Hope not D.I hope
4.Although___to stop,he kept on working.
A.Told B.telling C.having told D.to tell
5.----How long has this bookshop been in business?
---____
A.After B.In C.From D.Since